Archive for September 4th, 2008

Health Insurance – Is the glass 15% empty or 85% full ?

September 4, 2008

I think that practically everybody agrees all citizens should have access to adequate heath care and that the current system has some major problems re: cost, service-delivery, and insurance coverage.

Universal heath care was the centerpiece of the Clinton – Obama – Edwards campaign platforms during the Democratic primaries, and though the issue seems to have been moved to the back burner in the general election campaigns — in part, having been displaced on the front burner by $4 per gallon gasoline prices — it is embedded in the Democratic platform.

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For starters, I get irked that politicos have such a hard time distinguishing between health care (e.g. seeing a doctor, getting into a hospital, getting a prescription filled) and health insurance (i.e. being part of a “risk pool” with healthy folks subsidizing unhealthy ones — and, maybe, having the insurance premiums partially paid by employers or somebody else),

The health insurance part is probably the easier to fix since it just means throwing money at the problem — usually, somebody’s else’s money that gathered up by raising taxes.

The heated debate usually centers on the 45 million uninsured folks in the U.S.  (see yesterday’s post for the official Commerce Dept. data).

Putting that number in context: as of today, the U.S. population is just under 305 million … adding in about 20 million illegal immigrants and the number is 325 million.
http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html

So, the 45 million represent about 15% of the population of folks  living in the U.S..

That means that roughly 85% of the population does have health insurance of one sort or another — usually through employers or the government (Medicare and Medicaid).

It has become  a national pastime to gripe about health insurance premiums going up, co-pays and deductibles going up, coverage being pared back (i.e. the list of participating docs and services covered), and claims processes being confusing and high-hassle.  But, it’s my sense that — adjusting for the naturally stressful nature of the “product” — most people are relatively satisfied with their insurance programs.  Sure, everybody would like to pay less, get more, and get it easier — but on balance, the plans do what they’re supposed to do.

Now, as to the other 15% — the uninsureds.   I’ve seen many estimates that break the 45 million roughly into thirds: 1/3 are illegal immigrants; 1/3 are folks who have access to plans but choose to, in effect, self-insure — they’re typically healthy young-adults, many of whom make over $50,000 per year; and 1/3 “structurally uninsured” — split about equally between poor people with no prospects for private insurance and folks who are simply between jobs.

Call me callous, but I don’t think the first two groups — the illegal immigrants and the voluntarily self-insured — should be considered. 

So, the number goes from 47 million to about the 15 million, or 5% of the population.

Pardon me, but what is all of the fuss about?

Why not just add a Part E to Medicare to cover these folks and move on?  Doesn’t strike me that we should completely upset a system that’s basically working for about 90% of the population …

I must be missing something

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Succeeding at the Bottom of the Pyramid …

September 4, 2008

Excerpted from Knowledge at INSEAD, “Strong partnership key to success in bottom of the pyramid innovation”, by Grace Segran, August 26, 2008

For those at the ‘bottom of the pyramid’ (BoP), the four billion people or so living on less than two dollars a day, life is hard. Although collectively they have considerable combined purchasing power, they have up to now been traditionally overlooked by businesses.

However, major multinational corporations (MNCs) are now seeing opportunities in developing products for the BoP markets, while making a difference to the lives of the poor people.

“For this concept to work, there needs to be strong collaboration between firms, governments, NGOs (non-governmental organisations) and social entrepreneurs.”

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There is often a disconnect between multinationals and those at the bottom of the pyramid

The operations of firms – especially the MNCs – have become rather disconnected or disembedded from local economies.

NGOs tend to know more about the characteristics of local poverty and what is best for the poor people in a specific area, whereas large companies generally have a limited understanding of the situation on the ground.

If BoP products – that is, products specifically developed to address the needs of the low-income segments – do not take into account the local specificities of poverty, they may be useless for the people in a certain district or the project may even have a negative impact on their lives.

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Mainstreaming low-income projects and bringing them to a larger scale is one of the main challenges facing companies today.

Unilever’s ‘shakti’ project considered a leading BoP example .  Unilever, developed a range of products for low-income households in remote areas of India. It packaged common household products like shampoo and soap in sachets and sold them door-to-door, helped by so-called ‘shakti ladies’ who make a living from this activity. The ‘shakti’ range now constitutes a significant part of Unilever’s Indian revenues – reportedly nearly 15 per cent.

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Bringing such projects to scale is a challenge for several reasons.

First, firms lack the internal capabilities to develop these projects as they require both strong entrepreneurial skills, as well as the ability to understand and address social issues such as access to water, energy, and housing.

Often the firm’s expectations for immediate profit goes against the development of successful BoP projects, the core of which aim to create mutual value for both the firm and the poor. [Economies of sca;e are slow to be realized — if they ever are.]

It requires a substantial amount of effort to transform a small pilot project into a large, mainstream activity. Among their portfolio of business development projects, companies often opt for more profitable projects that can deliver in the short term.

Since BoP projects have strong local links, firms may face difficulties in trying to replicate a successful business model in another geographical area of the same country or to export it to a different country.

“These projects should be local answers to local problems.”

Another challenge is for low-income projects is to demonstrate a significant impact on the lives of the poor. Does it really improve their living conditions? Are the poor getting a fair deal, while their bargaining power in their dealings with firms is rather limited?

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Full article:
http://knowledge.insead.edu/PartnershipBottomPyramidInnovation080803.cfm

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